Fluid Dynamics of Slag-Bath Injection when Applying a Slag Coating to the Oxygen-Converter Lining

In China, the life of the converter lining has been extended to 20000–23000 melts, on the basis of experience in the United States [2–4]. At many converters, relining once per year is sufficient. The technology adopted in Russia, based on converter smelting under slag with an elevated magnesium-oxide content and subsequent application of a slag coating, only extends the run to 2500–4500 melts [5–7]. This indicates a need to improve the lining life in oxygen converters. At the same time, there have been many attempts to use experimental information obtained in cold modeling to optimize the process [8–11].