Clinical outcome and neuropsychological deficits after right decompressive hemicraniectomy in MCA infarction

Background and Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyse in detail the functional outcome and the neuropsychological deficits in patients with space-occupying infarction of the non-dominant hemisphere one year after surgery. Methods: Postoperative complications and retrospective consent to surgery were assessed in a semi-structured interview in 26 patients. Functional outcome was measured with the Barthel-Index (BI) and Rankin-Scale. Neuropsychological tests in 14 patients focused on visuo-spatial and visuo-constructive abilities, attention, spatial span and self-rated mood. Results: The one-year survival rate was 69 % (18 of 26). The functional outcome was good (BI ≥ 90) in 3 patients, fairly good (BI 75–85) in 6, moderate (BI 30–70) in 6, and poor (BI 0–25) in 3 patients. Age was an independent predictor of outcome, patients above 52 years had a BI of 50 or below. Neuropsychological tests (14 of 18) showed profound attention deficits in all patients, and visuo-spatial and visuo-constructive deficits in patients with lower formal education. Retrospectively, 4 of 18 patients would not give consent to surgery again, mostly because of the bad quality of life postoperatively. Conclusion: Older patients do not seem to benefit from decompressive hemicraniectomy; more than half of the surviving younger patients have a good outcome and live independently. Attention deficits are prominent in all patients; visuo-spatial and constructive deficits are less pronounced in patients with higher formal education. Retrospective agreement to decompressive hemicraniectomy is high in patients with good functional outcome.