Evaluation of a Modified Scavenging System to Reduce Occupational Exposure to Nitrous Oxide in Labor and Delivery Rooms

Abstract We developed a new scavenging mask for the administration of nitrous oxide to mothers-to-be during labor in order to minimize leakage of the patient's exhaled breath into the room and, therefore, decreasing staff exposure to nitrous oxide. The scavenging system was designed with an inner mask for gas delivery, an outer mask to capture exhaled breath, and a continuous exhaust airflow based on breathing flow rates. In this study we field tested the scavenging system by measuring personal exposures of nurses (N = 30) and room air concentrations (N = 33), while patients self-administered nitrous oxide either through the conventional or modified scavenging system. Personal exposures were measured using passive nitrous oxide monitors, and area measurements were made using a direct-reading infrared analyzer. Information about volumes of nitrous oxide used, nurses' movements, and patients' use of the analgesic was recorded in order to examine factors that influenced exposures and the effectiveness of the...