One pot green synthesis of m-aminophenol–urea–glyoxal resin as pipette tip solid-phase extraction adsorbent for simultaneous determination of four plant hormones in watermelon juice

Abstract Plant hormones (PHs) are a type of pesticide that can potentially affect human health. Therefore, their quantitative detection is particularly important. In thisstudy, a green and economic method for the simultaneous extraction and determination of four PHs, namely thidiazuron, forchlorfenuron, 1-naphthylacetic acid, and 2-naphthoxyacetic acid, in watermelon juice was developed by using m-aminophenol–urea–glyoxal resin as the adsorbent for pipette tip solid phase extraction (PT-SPE) coupled with liquid chromatography. The resin was synthesized via a simple (one pot hydrothermal synthesis) and green (ethanol as the solvent and glyoxal as crosslinking agent) process. The synthesized resin possesses multiple functional groups (hydroxyl, amino, and imino, among others), high adsorption capacity, larger specific surface area than the urea–glyoxal resin and m-aminophenol–glyoxal resin, and can be regenerated easily. The PT-SPE device is simple, cheap and easy to obtain, and the adsorbent dosage is only 5.0 mg. The proposed method has a wide linear detection range, high recovery, good precision, and high sensitivity, and satisfies the measurement requirements for detecting trace levels of PHs in fruits and vegetables.