Spatial-Neighborhood Manifold Learning for Nondestructive Testing of Defects in Polymer Composites

The subspace learning (dimensionality reduction) algorithms have played an important role in the analysis of thermographic data: a key step in infrared thermography-based nondestructive testing of subsurface defects in composite materials. However, one of its branches, manifold learning, with excellent ability to preserve local data structure, is rarely applied. In this article, a spatial-neighborhood manifold learning (SNML) framework is proposed for thermographic data analysis. Different from traditional manifold learning methods, SNML uses the spatial-neighborhood information instead of the traditional k -nearest neighbors, or $\varepsilon$ -neighborhood, to construct the adjacency graph. This overcomes the difficulty of parameter selection and extracts local features in images in a more reasonable way. Additionally, the data preprocessing step and the means of thermographic data normalization in the proposed framework are discussed. For performance comparison, three traditional manifold learning methods are also implemented. The experiments on carbon fiber-reinforced polymer specimens demonstrate the validity and feasibility of SNML.