Estudo comparativo dos resultados maternos e neonatais entre cesariana eletiva e cesariana de emergência

Objective: To evaluate the clinical and neonatal repercussions associated to elective cesarean section when compared to the emergency ones. Methods: A cross sectional study among patients who underwent a cesarean section in a public hospital, between 2012 and 2017. Data were collected from the patient´s records and their newborns’. Bivariate analyses calculated the prevalence ratios (PR) and respective confidence intervals. A multivariate Poisson regression analyses were performed between variables with p < 0.25. The level of significance stablished was p < 0.05. This project was approved by a Research Ethics Committee. Results: A total of 8,064 cesarean sections were performed and included data from 3,598 patients, of which 53.4% were performed in emergency situations and 46.6% were elective. Gestational age less than 40 weeks (PR 1.05), specific gestational hypertensive disease (PR 1.09), alcohol use (PR 1.08), use of illicit drugs (PR 1.06), previous vaginal delivery PR 0.97), chorioamnionitis (PR 0.76) and presence of HIV (PR 0.74) were maternal characteristics associated with elective caesarean section. Intensive care unit stay of up to two days (PR 0.91) and ventilation in ambient air (PR 0.94) were neonatal characteristics associated with elective cesarean section. Conclusion: Elective cesarean sections present negative neonatal repercussions when compared to those performed as an emergency.