3D Printing in Anatomy

This chapter describes the common methods (melting plastic filaments, photocuring resins, and binding powder particles) for 3D printing of anatomical models. A simple four-step sequence is provided which guides the anatomist from model selection, refinement, and digital slicing to final G-code file which contains all the instructions to control the printer and manufacture the part. In the case of fused deposition modelling (FDM) (which involves extruding heated filaments), careful consideration must be paid to the choice of filamentous material. Post processing of models is also possible, and this can be integrated with the lost wax technique to create hollow blood vessels. The use of 3D printing to create molds greatly expands the possibilities of model making and the educational benefit of retaining internal complexity in models which cannot be attained through conventional injection molding techniques. Multi-material printing remains a rapidly evolving field of study and will almost certainly transform anatomy education.