DETECÇÃO DE Cryptosporidium parvum EM ÉGUAS E POTROS / DETECTION OF Cryptosporidium parvum IN MARES AND FOALS
2013
A primeira descricao de Cryptosporidium infectando equinos ocorreu em potros arabes imunocomprometidos. A ocorrencia da criptosporidiose pode variar conforme a localizacao geografica, clima, manejo, populacao e metodo diagnostico utilizado. Informacoes a respeito da epidemiologia molecular para investigacao do potencial zoonotico da infeccao pelo protozoario nesses hospedeiros ainda sao escassas. Com o objetivo de caracterizar molecularmente o protozoario Cryptosporidium spp em equinos, foram examinados 92 potros (56 machos e 36 femeas) com idade entre tres a 330 dias e 24 matrizes provenientes de 11 fazendas da regiao Noroeste do Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Os animais eram das racas Quarto de Milha, Mangalarga Marchador, Paint Horse, Crioula e Pampa. Amostras fecais foram colhidas diretamente da ampola retal dos animais e congeladas para a realizacao da nested -PCR com amplificacao de fragmentos da subunidade 18S do gene do RNA ribossomico. As amostras positivas foram submetidas ao sequenciamento para identificacao das especies de Cryptosporidium . A pesquisa foi aprovada pela Comissao de Etica em Experimentacao Animal da Faculdade de Odontologia de Aracatuba - UNESP (n°2009-002165). A ocorrencia da infeccao por Cryptosporidium spp foi de 21,7% nos potros e 29,1% nas eguas (P≥0,05). Nao houve diferenca entre a positividade e as variaveis sexo e idade (P≥0,05). Nao foi identificada associacao significativa entre as eguas e seus potros. Por meio do sequenciamento de tres amostras positivas foi possivel detectar Cryptosporidium parvum . Dois potros positivos apresentaram diarreia, mas nao e possivel afirmar que essa sintomatologia foi causada pelo protozoario, visto que nao foram realizados testes diferenciais para saber a ocorrencia de outros agentes etiologicos possiveis. No Brasil, este e o primeiro estudo de caracterizacao molecular desse parasito em equinos, com identificacao da especie do protozoario. SUMMARY The first description of infection by Cryptosporidium in Arabian horse foals was reported for immunocompromised patients. The occurrence of cryptosporidiosis may vary according to geographic location, climate, management, population and diagnostic method used. Information about the molecular epidemiology to investigate the zoonotic potential of protozoan infection in these hosts is scarce. In order to characterize molecularly the protozoan Cryptosporidium spp in horses, 92 foals were examined (56 males and 36 females) aged three to 330 days and 24 mares from 11 farms in northwestern Sao Paulo, Brazil. The animals were of the following breeds: Quarter Horse, Mangalarga Marchador, Paint Horse, Crioula and Pampa. Fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum of animals and frozen for carrying out the nested-PCR with amplification of the fragments of the 18S subunit of the ribosomal RNA gene. Positive samples were subjected to sequencing for identification of Cryptosporidium species. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Experiments of the College of Dentistry of Aracatuba - UNESP (No. 2009-002165). The Cryptosporidium spp infection rates were 21.7% and 29.1%, in foals and mares, respectively (P≥0.05). There was no difference between positives and the variables, gender and age (P≥0.05). No significant association was found between mares and their foals. The sequencing of the three positive samples detected Cryptosporidium parvum . Two positive foals had diarrhea, but it is not possible to assert that these symptoms were caused by the protozoan, as no tests were performed to determine the occurrence of other possible etiologic agents. In Brazil, this is the first study of molecular characterization of this parasite in horses, with identification of the species of the parasite.
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