Host cell surface sialic acid residues are involved on the process of penetration of Toxoplasma gondii into mammalian cells

Tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii are able to infect several cell types tested (wild-type chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and glycosylation mutants, Vero and LLCMK2 cells). However, the extent of infection varied. Mutant cells which present few or no surface-exposed sialic acid residues were infected to a lower extent. Similar results were obtained if sialic acid residues were removed by previous neuraminidase treatment. Addition of sialic acid residues to surface-exposed glycoconjugates using fetuin as a sialic acid donor and the trans-sialidase of Trypanosoma cruzi rendered the cells more easily infected by Toxoplasma gondii. These observations indicate that surface-exposed carbohydrate residues of the host cell are involved on the process of Toxoplasma gondii-host cell recognition.