Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia in renal transplant patients

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) is a syndrome with distinct clinical, radiological, and histological features. The radiographic changes of BOOP vary from multiple patchy, alveolar, or ground-glass infiltrates to diffuse reticulonodular opacities. The most frequently observed CT features are areas of lung consolidation and ground-glass opacity often with a subpleural distribution and small nodules; in addition, bronchial wall thickening and bronchodilatation can be seen. The exact pathogenesis of BOOP after organ transplantation remains to be clarified. Some researchers have suggested that BOOP is a non-specific reaction to injury; rejection is the most common injury in lung and kidney transplant recipients.