Immunomodulator and Biologic Agent Effects on Sleep Quality in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can disrupt normal sleep physiology and amplify a negative perception about quality of life. Evidence suggests increased circulation of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor–alpha and interleukin-1, may play a role. Methods: A total of 56 patients completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to measure 7 sleep domains: sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep efficacy, sleep disturbance, sleep medications, and daytime dysfunction. Domain scores were summed to determine the presence or absence of sleep impairment. We compared patients taking immunomodulators or biologic agents to patients not on immunomodulator or biologic agent therapy. Demographics and IBD-related clinical information were collected to adjust for potential confounders that may secondarily affect sleep, such as body mass index, depression/anxiety, and sleep-affecting medications. Results: The majority of patients with IBD (46 [82%]) reported poor sleep quality;...