Fast Solutions of Multiscale Electromagnetic Problems Using Potential Integral Equations

We present a full-wave electromagnetics solver to analyze multiscale scattering problems. The developed solver employs potential integral equations, which include both the electric current and the normal component of the magnetic vector potential as unknowns. These formulations are able to circumvent the low-frequency breakdown and related inaccuracy issues encountered when using electric- and magnetic-field integral equations. To analyze multiscale electromagnetic problems involving highly nonuniform discretizations, we solve the obtained matrix equations iteratively by employing a broadband multilevel fast multipole algorithm with incomplete-leaf tree structures. Accuracy and efficiency of the implementation are demonstrated on conical electromagnetic scattering problems.