Identification of phenylsulfone-substituted quinoxaline (WYE-672) as a tissue selective liver X-receptor (LXR) agonist.

A series of phenyl sulfone substituted quinoxaline were prepared and the lead compound 13 (WYE-672) was shown to be a tissue selective LXR Agonist. Compound 13 demonstrated partial agonism for LXRβ in kidney HEK-293 cells but did not activate Gal4 LXRβ fusion proteins in huh-7 liver cells. Although 13 showed potent binding affinity to LXRβ (IC50 = 53 nM), it had little binding affinity for LXRα (IC50 > 1.0 μM) and did not recruit any coactivator/corepressor peptides in the LXRα multiplex assay. However, compound 13 showed good agonism in THP-1 cells with respect to increasing ABCA1 gene expression and good potency on cholesterol efflux in THP-1 foam cells. In an eight-week lesion study in LDLR −/− mice, compound 13 showed reduction of aortic arch lesion progression and no plasma or hepatic triglyceride increase. These results suggest quinoxaline 13 may have an improved biological profile for potential use as a therapeutic agent.