Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Aided Virtual Search of OliveNet™ Directory for Secoiridoids to Combat SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Associated Hyperinflammatory Responses.
2021
Molecular docking and molecular dynamics aided virtual search of OliveNet TM directory identified potential secoiridoids that combat SARS-CoV-2 entry, replication, and associated hyperinflammatory responses OliveNet TM is an active directory of phytochemicals obtained from different parts of the olive tree, Olea europaea (Oleaceae) Olive oil, olive fruits containing phenolics, known for their health benefits, are indispensable in the Mediterranean and Arabian diets Secoiridoids is the largest group of olive phenols and is exclusive to the olive fruits Functional food like olive fruits could help prevent and alleviate viral disease at an affordable cost A systematized virtual search of 932 conformers of 78 secoiridoids utilizing Autodock Vina, followed by precision docking using Idock and Smina indicated that Nuzhenide oleoside (NZO), Oleuropein dimer (OED), and Dihydro oleuropein (DHO) blocked the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein-ACE-2 interface;Demethyloleuropein (DMO), Neo-nuzhenide (NNZ), and Nuzhenide (NZE) blocked the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of the NZO-S-protein-ACE-2 complex by Desmond revealed stability during 50 ns RMSD of the NZO-S-protein-ACE-2 complex converged at 2 1 A after 20 ns During MD, the interaction fractions confirmed multiple interactions of NZO with Lys417, a crucial residue for inhibition of S protein MD of DMO-Mpro complex proved its stability as the RMSD converged at 1 6 A Analysis of interactions during MD confirmed the interaction of Cys145 of Mpro with DMO and, thus, its inhibition The docking predicted IC50 of NZO and DMO was 11 58 and 6 44 muM, respectively Molecular docking and dynamics of inhibition of the S protein and Mpro by NZO and DMO correlated well Docking of the six-hit secoiridoids to IL1R, IL6R, and TNFR1, the receptors of inflammatory cytokines IL1beta, IL6, and TNFalpha, revealed the anti-inflammatory potential except for DHO Due to intricate structures, the secoiridoids violated Lipinski's rule of five However, the drug scores of secoiridoids supported their use as drugs The ADMET predictions implied that the secoiridoids are non-toxic and pose low oral absorption Secoiridoids need further optimization and are a suitable lead for the discovery of anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics For the moment, olive secoiridoids presents an accessible mode of prevention and therapy of SARS-CoV-2 infection
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