Vulnerability of IDH1 mutant cancers to histone deacetylase inhibition via orthogonal suppression of DNA repair.

Exploitation of DNA repair defects has enabled major advances in treating specific cancers. Recent work discovered that the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), produced by neomorphic isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2) mutations, confers a homology directed repair (HDR) defect through 2-HG-induced histone hypermethylation masking HDR signaling. Here, we report that IDH1 mutant cancer cells are profoundly sensitive to the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) vorinostat, by further suppressing the residual HDR in 2-HG-producing cells. Vorinostat down-regulates repair factors BRCA1 and RAD51 via disrupted E2F-factor regulation, causing increased DNA double strand breaks, reduced DNA repair factor foci, and functional HDR deficiency even beyond 2-HG9s effects. This results in greater cell death of IDH1 mutant cells and confers synergy with radiation and PARPi, both against cells in culture and patient-derived tumor xenografts. Our work identifies HDACi9s utility against IDH1 mutant cancers, and presents IDH1/2 mutations as potential biomarkers to guide trials testing HDACi in gliomas and other malignancies. Implications: IDH1 mutant cells show profound vulnerability to HDACi treatment, alone and with PARPi and radiation, via HDR suppression, presenting IDH1/2 mutations as biomarkers for HDACi9s use in gliomas and other malignancies.