Occurrence of uncommon polyamines in cultured tissues of maize

The uncommon polyamines, norspermidine and norspermine, were detected in maizein vitro cultures of three different genotypes. The common polyamines, spermidine and spermine, along with the diamine, putrescine, were also observed. The total amounts of the uncommon polyamines, norspermidine and norspermine, were comparable to the total amounts of the common polyamines, spermidine and spermine, in the maize tissues. The titer for norspermidine was 6- to 15-fold greater than that of its common counterpart (spermidine) in the three genotypes. Norspermidine was the predominant polyamine among all triamines and tetramines detected in cell cultures of two of the three genotypes of maize examined and was predominant along with spermine in the third genotype. Enzyme assays performed with extracts from callus of one of the genotypes suggested a likely mechanism to account for the biosynthesis of the uncommon polyamines in cultured maize cells, through the actions of putrescine aminopropyltransferase, polyamine oxidase, and Schiff-base reductase/decarboxylase enzyme activities. This is the first report of the detection of uncommon polyamines in maize tissues, as well as the first report of these uncommon polyamines in a monocotyledonous plant.