Multi-ring, stripe, and super-lattice solitons in a spin-orbit coupled spin-1 condensate.
2020
We demonstrate exotic stable quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) solitons in a Rashba or a Dresselhaus spin-orbit (SO) coupled hyper-fine spin-1 ($F=1$) trap-less anti-ferromagnetic Bose-Einstein condensate using the mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii equation. For weak SO coupling, the solitons are of the $(-1,0,+1)$ or $(+1,0,-1)$ type with intrinsic vorticity, for Rashba or Dresselhaus SO coupling, where the numbers in the parentheses denote angular momentum in spin components $F_z= +1,0,-1$, respectively. For intermediate SO coupling, the solitons have multi-ring structure maintaining the above-mentioned vortices in respective components. For larger SO coupling, {\it super-lattice} solitons with a square-lattice structure in total density are found in addition to stripe solitons with stripe pattern in component densities with no periodic modulation in total density.
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