Representation of the boreal summer tropical Atlantic–western North Pacific teleconnection in AGCMs: comparison of CMIP5 and CMIP6

Previous studies have revealed that warm (cold) sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the northern tropical Atlantic (NTA) can enhance (weaken) the anomalous low-level anticyclone over the western North Pacific (WNP) during boreal summer. This study assesses the ability of current atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) to simulate such an NTA–WNP connection by using Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project experiments from 23 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and 35 CMIP6 climate models. It is shown that both the CMIP5 and CMIP6 multimodel ensemble (MME) averages and the majority of the individual AGCMs can reasonably reproduce the observed pattern of the NTA-related anomalous anticyclone over the WNP during boreal summer. Overall, the performance of the CMIP6 AGCMs in representing the NTA–WNP connection is similar to that of the CMIP5 AGCMs, except that the former tends to have a smaller spread than the latter among models. Additionally, both the CMIP5 and CMIP6 MME averages as well as the individual models can reasonably represent the mechanism responsible for the boreal summer NTA–WNP connection, which involves a zonally westward-extending overturning circulation over the Pacific–Atlantic Oceans. Furthermore, the intensity of the NTA-related WNP anomalous anticyclone is positively correlated with that of the WNP local climatological convection activity for both the CMIP5 and CMIP6 AGCMs, implying that better representation of the WNP climatological convection activity may be crucial for improving the skill of AGCMs to simulate the boreal summer NTA–WNP connection. However, model bias in the simulation of climatological convection activity over the WNP remains large for the current CMIP6 AGCMs, although the bias is reduced over most of the tropical and subtropical Pacific–Atlantic regions compared to that for the CMIP5 AGCMs during boreal summer.