Correlation between Ionospheric TEC and the DCB Stability of GNSS Receivers from 2014 to 2016

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) differential code biases (DCBs) are a major obstacle in estimating the ionospheric total electron content (TEC). The DCBs of the GNSS receiver (rDCBs) are affected by various factors such as data quality, estimation method, receiver type, hardware temperature, and antenna characteristics. This study investigates the relationship between TEC and rDCB, and TEC and rDCB stability during a three-year period from 2014 to 2016. Linear correlations between pairs of variables, measured with Pearson’s coefficient ( R ), are considered. It is shown that the correlation between TEC and rDCB is the smallest in low-latitude regions. The mid-latitude regions exhibit the maximum value of R . In contrast, the correlation between TEC and rDCB root mean square (RMS, stability) was greater in low-latitude regions. A strong positive correlation ( R ≥ 0.90 ) on average between TEC and rDCB RMS was also revealed at two additional GNSS stations in low-latitude regions, where the correlation shows clear latitudinal dependency. We found that the correlation between TEC and rDCB stability is still very strong even after replacing a GNSS receiver.