Inhibitory effects of veterinary antibiotics on anammox activity: short- and long-term tests

ABSTRACTThe suitability of the anammox process for the treatment of swine digester liquor was assessed through the evaluation of the short- and long-term inhibitory effect of three veterinary antibiotics commonly administered to Italian swine livestock. The toxicity of doxycycline, tiamulin and enrofloxacin was evaluated through batch tests designed to estimate specific anammox activity. Moreover, the short-term toxicity of combined concentrations of doxycycline and enrofloxacin was evaluated so as to verify whether a synergistic effect could be established. According to the inhibition recorded in the presence of the maximum antibiotics concentrations predicted for digester liquor, target compounds do not seem to represent a real hazard for anammox bacteria because at those concentration levels, the activity was just slightly reduced. Moreover, in granular systems, inhibition could be easily counterbalanced by increasing the biomass concentration in the reactor, thus assuring the design treatment capacity...