Effect of the Density of Electron Beam Energy on the Structure and Mechanical Characteristics of Surface Layers of Hypoeutectic Silumin

The structural phase states and mechanical properties of hypoeutectic silumin subjected to electron beam treatment with energy density of 10–35 J cm−2 are studied according to modern physical materials science. Treating silumin with an electron beam that has an energy density of 25 J cm−2 leads to the formation of a cellular structure in a layer that is up to 40 μm thick. The increase in the hardness of the surface layer of silumin is apparently due to the formation of a high-speed cellular crystallization structure of submicron size with nanoscale layers of the second phase distributed along the cell boundaries.