Bubble tracking simulation of interaction among bubbles in a bubbly upflow

A 3D two-way bubble tracking method proposed in our previous study was modified to demonstrate the feasibility of the simulation of a developing bubble flow in a vertical pipe. The main features of the modified method are the adjustable spatial resolution, bubble shape models and proper boundary conditions on the bubble surface. As a result of two bubble tracking simulations, we could confirm that the proposed method has a sufficient potential of predicting a developing bubble flow and (2) the formation of a cap bubble, wakes behind large bubbles and bubble coalescence govern the flow pattern evolution.