Cloning, Escherichia coli expression, purification, characterization, and enzyme assay of the ribosomal protein S4 from wheat seedlings (Triticum vulgare)

Abstract S4 is a paradigm of ribosomal proteins involved in multifarious activities both within and outside the ribosome. For a detailed biochemical and structural investigations of eukaryotic S4, the wheat S4 gene has been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli , and the protein purified to a high degree of homogeneity. The 285-residue recombinant protein containing an N-terminal His 6 tag along with fourteen additional residues derived from the cloning vector is characterized by a molecular mass of 31981.24 Da. The actual sequence of 265 amino acids having a molecular mass of 29931 Da completely defines the primary structure of wheat S4. Homology modeling shows a bi-lobed protein topology arising from folding of the polypeptide into two domains, consistent with the fold topology of prokaryotic S4. The purified protein is stable and folded since it can be reversibly unfolded in guanidinium hydrochloride, and is capable of hydrolyzing cysteine protease-specific peptide-based fluorescence substrates, including Ac-DEVD-AFC ( N -acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-7-amino-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin) and Z -FR-AMC ( N -CBZ-Phe-Arg-aminomethylcoumarin).