Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees

* About the Editors * Contributors * Preface * Part I: FOREST TREE FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS * Chapter 1. Functional Genomics in Forest Trees * Introduction * The Functional Genomics Tool Kit--Transcript Discovery and Profiling * Functional Genomics in Action * En Route to Functional Genomics in Forest Trees * Conclusions * Chapter 2. Expressed Sequence Tag Databases from Forestry Tree Species * Introduction * Forestry Tree EST Databases * The Genesis Pine and Eucalyptus EST Projects * Special Purpose Libraries * Conclusion * Chapter 3. Proteomics for Genetic and Physiological Studies in Forest Trees: Application in Maritime Pine * Introduction * Characterization of the Pine Proteome * Genetic Variability of Qualitative and Quantitative Protein Variants * Variability of Proteome Expression in Physiological Studies * Conclusion * Chapter 4. Exploring the Transcriptome of the Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis * Introduction * The Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis * The Anatomy and Development of Ectomycorrhiza * The Morphogenesis of Ectomycorrhiza * Alteration in Gene Expression in Ectomycorrhiza * The Transcriptome of Ectomycorrhizal Symbioses * Outlook * Part II: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF WOOD FORMATION * Chapter 5. Genomics of Wood Formation * Introduction * Wood Biosynthesis * Regulation of Wood Formation * Arabidopsis As a Model for the Study of Wood Formation * Genomics Approach to Wood Formation * The Outlook * Chapter 6. Molecular Genetics of Cellulose Biosynthesis in Trees * Introduction * Cellulose Heterogeneity in Trees * Cellulose Production Under Mechanical Stress * The Site of Cellulose Biosynthesis * Current Knowledge of the General Process of Cellulose Synthesis in Plants * Identification of CesA Genes in Plants * Isolation of New CesA and CSLD Genes * Future Perspectives * Chapter 7. Tuning Lignin Metabolism Through Genetic Engineering in Trees * Introduction * Genetic Modification of PAL and C4H * Genetic Modification of 4CL * Genetic Modification of C3H * Genetic Modification of CCoAOMT * Genetic Modification of CCR * Genetic Modification of F5H * Genetic Modification of COMT * Genetic Modification of CAD * Genetic Modification of Peroxidases and Laccases * Genetic Modification of Transcription Factors * Outlook * Chapter 8. In Vitro Systems for the Study of Wood Formation * Introduction * Cambial Activity * Wood Formation * The Formation of Tracheary Elements * Heartwood Formation (Tylosis and Pit Aspiration) * In Vitro Wood Formation Systems * Future Perspectives * Part III: FOREST TREE TRANSGENESIS * Chapter 9. Genetic Modification in Conifer Forestry: State-of-the-Art and Future Potential--A Case Study with Pinus radiata * Introduction * Tissue Culture As a Tool for Molecular Research * Genetic Engineering in Conifers * Modification of Traits by Suppression of Gene Expression * Analysis of Promoters Controlling Gene Expression in Conifers * Tissue Culture Protocols for the Early Assessment of Gene Function * Tools to Assess Gene Function at the Micro Level * Conclusions * Chapter 10. Transgenic Forest Trees for Insect Resistance * Introduction * Woody Plant Species Transgenic to Insect-Resistant Genes * Insect-Resistant Genes * Field Performance of Insect-Resistant Transgenic Trees * Biosafety of Insect-Resistant Transgenic Plants * Conclusion and Outlook * Chapter 11. Modification of Flowering in Forest Trees * Introduction * Regulation of Flowering Time and Flower Development in Arabidopsis * Genes Regulating Flower Development in Trees * Prevention of Flowering * Acceleration of Flowering * Conclusions * Chapter 12. Stability of Transgene Expression in Aspen * Introduction * rolC Gene, a Phenotypic Marker for the Stability of Transgene Expression * Morphological Analysis of 35S-rolC Transgenic Aspen Plants * Transgene Silencing * Transgene Repeat Formation and Unstable Expression * Transgene Integration and Unstable Expression * Mechanisms of Transgene Integration and Repeat Formation * How to Obtain Stably Expressing Transgenic Plants * Future Perspectives * Chapter 13. Asexual Production of Marker-Free Transgenic Aspen Using MAT Vector Systems * Introduction * Transformation Methods Using Agrobacterium * Problems of Antibiotic Selection * Principles of the MAT (Multi-Auto-Transformation) Vector System * Two-Step Transformation of Tobacco Plants Using the GST-MAT Vector * Transformation of Hybrid Aspen Using the GST-MAT Vector * Current Techniques for Removing Selectable Markers and Their Problems * Advantages of Selection Using the ipt Gene * Transgene Stacking Using the ipt-MAT Vector * Combination of the ipt and iaaM/H Genes * Decrease in Environmental Impact Using Sterile Transgenic Trees * Conclusion * Part IV: GENOME MAPPING IN FOREST TREES * Chapter 14. High-Density Linkage Maps in Conifer Species and Their Potential Application * Introduction * Basic Aspects for Constructing High-Density Maps in Conifer Species * Application of High-Density Maps in Forest Species * Conclusions and Perspectives * Chapter 15. Microsatellites in Forest Tree Species: Characteristics, Identification, and Applications * Introduction * Microsatellites in the Nuclear Genome: Distribution and Variability * From Genome to Populations: The Isolation of Microsatellites and the Development of Molecular Markers * Microsatellites in Populations: SSRs As a Tool for the Screening of Diversity, Differentiation, and Evolution * What is Different About Microsatellites of the Organelle Genomes? * Conclusions * Chapter 16. Genome Mapping in Populus * Introduction * Marker Systems * Mapping Strategies * Genetic Linkage Maps of the Populus Genome * Comparison of Linkage Maps * Perspectives * Chapter 17. Genetic Mapping in Acacias * Introduction * Aspects of the Reproductive Biology of Acacias That Affect Genetic Mapping Strategies * Linkage Mapping in Acacia mangium * Applications of the Acacia Map * Conclusions * Index * Reference Notes Included