Wetland as a Sustainable Reservoir of Ecosystem Services: Prospects of Threat and Conservation

A wetland is a type of ecosystem saturated with water throughout the year possessing various ecosystem services in the environment. Wetland is composed of abiotic and biotic components and acts naturally as a reservoir of food, shelter, and habitat for biological communities. Increasing human population leads to more industrialization and urbanization which continuously alter the landscape and interfering nutrient cycling. Further, changes in precipitation pattern and global climate leading to hydrological and environmental imbalances cause frequent flood and drought. As a result of rapid development and human interference, wetland ecosystem is degrading day by day which needs to be conserved for environmental sustainability. Microbial communities play an important role in nutrient cycling and conservation of wetland.