Критерії адекватності фізичних навантажень та їх використання у спорті, фізичному вихованні і фізичній реабілітації

The research relevance. It is known that physical loadings (FL) positively affect the organism of a person engaged in motor activity or a patient in the process of rehabilitation only when they are adequate to the functional capabilities. Today, the actual issue is the FL dosage and monitoring of the process of their impact on organism to improve the health level of people in the process of physical education, sports classes, and rehabilitation of patients. The need for finding FL adequacy criteria arises, by which would be possible to track their size and effectiveness. The research aim: to determine the FL adequacy criteria by the cardiovascular system (CVS) indicators using the model with limited FL. The research methods. The reaction to the limited FL of athletes of high qualification (HQ) and low qualification (LQ) is examined to find out the markers of CVS, according to which HQ and LQ athletes differ. Central hemodynamics (CHD) and heart rate variability indicators were studied, statistical processing of the results was performed, and correlations were revealed. The research results. It was determined that by the change of CHD parameters: heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI), cardiac output (CO), left ventricular performance (LVP) and left ventricular power (W), blood expulsion rate (Ve), circulatory efficiency (CEC) ), Robinson's index (RI) and endurance coefficient (EC) can diagnose the adequacy of the body's response to FL, to assess the adaptive capabilities, functional reserves of the CVS, use to select and monitor the adequate FL values because these indicators are lower in HQ athletes at rest and recovery period. The most accurate markers of the adequacy of the organism's reaction to the effects of extreme loadings appeared indicators of stroke volume (SV), shock index (SI) and myocardial stress index (MSI), because they changed differently in HQ and LQ athletes both at FL and during recovery period.