Oil palm composted biomass: A review of the preparation, utilization, handling and storage

The preparation, utilization, handling and storage of oil palm composted biomass were reviewed in the present study. The preparation of the compost was found generally to be catalyzed by microorganisms aiding the decomposition and stabilization of organic material. The heat produced during the microbial build up helps to produce a final product that is stable, free of pathogens and viable plant seeds, and can be beneficially applied to the land. Compost has numerous agronomic and horticultural uses. It can be used as a soil amendment, fertilizer supplement, top dressing for pastures and hay crops, mulch for homes and gardens, and a potting mix component. The use of compost aids in increasing the water and nutrient retention of the soil, provides a porous medium for roots to grow in, increases the organic matter and decreases the bulk density or penetration resistance of soils as well as controlling disease pathogens. Composting process tends to concentrate many chemical constituents and alter physical characteristics thus, the testing for specific parameters is important before handling and use which can be compared with the typical ranges of test parameters in quality compost. This review revealed that composting is receiving increased attention as an alternative manure management practice. Composting enhances the usefulness of organic by-products as fertilizers, privately and commercially.