SO3H-SBA-15 molecular sieve catalyst for catalyzing isobutene and carboxylic acid to synthesize carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester and preparation method and application thereof

The invention discloses a SO3H-SBA-15 molecular sieve catalyst for catalyzing isobutene and carboxylic acid to synthesize carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester. The molecular sieve catalyst is prepared by adopting a template agent, a morphology regulator, a silicon source, a sulfonic acid source and an oxidizing agent through a one-step co-condensation method or a two-step sulfonic acid group post-synthesis method. In the SO3H-SBA-15 molecular sieve catalyst, by the molar ratio of a sulfonic acid group to silicon oxide, the sulfonic acid group supporting amount accounts for 30%-50%. The invention further discloses a method of using the SO3H-SBA-15 molecular sieve catalyst to catalyze the isobutene and the carboxylic acid for carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester synthesis. The molecular sieve catalyst is adjustable in shape, orderly in mesoporous pore passage and capable of efficiently and stably catalyzing the isobutene and the carboxylic acid to selectively synthesize the carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester under the conditions of higher temperature and polymerization inhibitor absence, meanwhile the separation energy consumption and equipment investment of reaction products are reduced, and the SO3H-SBA-15 molecular sieve catalyst has an important significance on development and utilization of atomic economic reaction.