Integrating psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy : Myths and the missing link. Authors' reply

A critical review of three articles reveals flawed empirical evidence underpinning the case for integrating pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. Medical model dominance favors biology in a diathesis/ stress framework, creating myths of valid diagnosis, underlying biological causes, and targeted pharmacological treatments. Meanwhile, a for-profit pharmaceutical industry influences clinical trials, constructing an illusory justification for medical intervention and bolstering the integration hypothesis. The apparent logic of integration threatens to diminish the crucial, empirically supported role of clients in psychotherapy outcome. The authors call for the inclusion of client feedback in intervention choices, based on accurate, unbiased information, and a continued critique of pharmacotherapy.