Characterization of TLR4/MD-2-modified Au sensor surfaces towards the detection of molecular signatures of bacteria

Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), also known as endotoxins, can be fatal even at low concentrations. As a result, the development of novel methodologies for LPS detection has been continuously in the focus of research. Biosensors, which employ a bio-recognition element on a transducer surface, are on the cutting edge of these novel technologies. In this report, Au surfaces modified with TLR4/MD-2 through Lip-NHS linkers with an ultimate potential application as biosensors for LPS detection have been characterized and investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, quartz crystal microbalance and electrochemical techniques. Also the interaction between TLR4/MD-2 immobilized on Au surfaces with LPSs has been studied to evaluate the possibility of LPS detection.