Effect of Pinkwater BioSolve on expression of proinflammatory cytokines and histological changes in Gallus domesticus embryo

Abstract Pinkwater Biosolve (BioSolve®) is one bioremediating chemical which has been widely used for cleanup of crude oil spill in Nigeria. It is a water-based formulation of nonionic surfactants and other specialty chemicals. The level of toxicity resulting from environmental exposure to this chemical has not been well understood. The level of expression of proinflammatory cytokines and histological changes in Gallus domesticus embryo were investigated. The embryo were pretreated with different doses of BioSolve, soil water from remediated soil sample, 10% soluble crude oil portion and a combination of the BioSolve with the soluble crude portion all constituted in normal saline solution. Reverse transcriptase PCR technique was used to assess the expression of hepatic proinflammatory cytokines. Histological examination was also carried out on liver fragments. The results showed that the pretreatment caused lesion on hepatocytes of all tested chick embryos except in the group administered with normal saline solution when compared with the normal control. The chick embryo exposed to 0.5 mg/kg BioSolve, 5% decanted soil water (v/v) obtained from crude oil remediated (using BioSolve) soil, and 10% (v/v) decanted crude oil remediated (using BioSolve) soil water all showed significant expression (at p