Diagnosis of prostate cancer in one day. The benefits of cytology in tumor detection.

INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer (PCa) is a frequent and mortal disease. The aim of the study was to accelerate with the help of prostate cytology the handling of PCa patients by giving results within 3 hours. Standard histology served as control. The aim was to introduce a « diagnosis and handling of PCa in one day » concept. MATERIAL AND METHODS After multiparametric MRI, prostate biopsies were taken and one of the biopsies was used for cytology on superfrost slides. The cytology samples were stained by p63/p504s double staining, a standard stain in PCa histology, interpretation took place within 3 hours. RESULTS Among 129 patients 39.5% had a prior history of PCa and were either under active surveillance or had been treated by focal therapy. The others came with suspicion of PCa. In 80.8% the cytology and histology results were concordant. In low grade PCa the detection was more difficult with 72.4% of detection, in high grade PCa the result were according to the differentiation between 81.8 and 90%. False positive cases were less than 4.0%. CONCLUSION Cytology of the prostate is unusual, our study is the first to show that prostate cytology is feasible and gives satisfying immediate results, especially in more aggressive disease. Immunocytology can be easily integrated into the laboratory. Our technique allows a quicker handling of PCa and allows to soften the psychological impact on men waiting for the diagnosis of PCa.