ANÁLISIS TÉCNICO Y ECONÓMICO DE UN MODELO DE PRODUCCIÓN DE CARNE EN EL VALLE DEL SINÚ

espanolEn una finca localizada en el municipio de Cerete, departamento de Cordoba, se evaluo tecnica y economicamente un modelo de produccion de carne bovina, utilizando un area de pasto angleton (Dichanthium aristatum ) de 6.5 hectareas, dividido en 13 potreros, fertilizado con nitrogeno, fosforo y potasio, con un sistema rotacional de 2 dias de ocupacion y 24 de descanso. Se realizaron dos evaluaciones, una en epoca de lluvias y otra en epoca seca, se utilizaron animales cebu comerciales con peso inicial promedio de 346.4 Kg, en epoca de lluvias y de 294.2 Kg, en epoca seca y una carga de 3.84/cabezas/ha (lluvias) y de 3.38 cabezas/ha, (seca). Durante el desarrollo del proyecto, se estimo la produccion y calidad del pasto a la entrada y salida de los animales y peso de los animales cada 26 dias. Para la epoca seca, los animales fueron suplementados diariamente con 10 kilos promedio de ensilaje de maiz balanceado con 0.3% de una mezcla de 10 partes de urea y una parte de sulfato de amonio, un kilo de semilla de algodon y 300 gramos de salvado de arroz. Con la informacion de costos y precios se realizo un analisis economico del modelo. La produccion de materia seca a los 24 dias de rebrote del pasto angleton fue de 1.560 kilos y 965.7 kilos, con valores de proteina bruta de 11.3% y 7.0% y una digestibilidad de la materia seca de 73.6% y 61.3% respectivamente para las epocas de lluvias y seca. El remanente de pasto al momento de la salida de los animales permitio estimar un consumo del 3% del peso vivo de los animales durante la epoca de lluvias, y fue menor en la epoca seca, lo que justifico la suplementacion. La ganancia promedia de los animales durante el periodo de lluvia fue de 0.719 kilos (2.767 kilos/ha/dia) y de 0.872 kilos (2.95 kilos/ha/dia) durante el periodo seco, lo que proyectado a un ano, arrojo una ganancia promedia de las dos epocas de 1.044 kilos de carne, cumpliendo con el objetivo central de la evaluacion. La ganancia neta por hectarea ano del modelo estuvo ligeramente por encima del millon y medio de pesos (US$ 556) con rentabilidad mensual para el capital financiero de 4.32% (lluvia) y de 5.67% (seca), rentabilidades que superaron a la ofrecida por la banca comercial. EnglishIn a farm located in the municipality of Cerete, department of Cordoba, was evaluated technical and economically a model of production of beef cattle, using an area of angleton grass (Dichanthium aristatum ) of 6.5 hectares, divided in 13 paddock, fertilized with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, managed with a rotational grazing system of 2 days of occupation and 24 of rest. It were carried out two evaluations, one in rainy season and another in dry season, using animal commercial zebu with weight initial average of 346.4 kg (rains) and of 294.2kg (dry) and a stoking rate of 3.84/head/ha for the rainy season and of 3.38/head/ha, for the dry season. During the development of the project, were estimates the production and quality from the grass to the entrance and exit of the animals and weight of the animals every 26 days. For the dry season, the animals were supplemented daily with 10 kg average of silage of corn balanced with 0.3% of a mixture of 10 parts of urea and a part of ammonium sulphate, a kilo of whole cottonseed and 300 grams of rice polishing. With the information of costs and prices it was carried out an economic analysis The production of dry matter to the 24 days of regrow of the angleton grass was of 1560 kilos and 965.7 kilos, presenting values of crude protein of 11.3% and 7.0% and digestibility of the dry matter of 73.6% and 61.3% respectively for the rain season and dry season. The grass remainder to the moment of the exit of the animals allowed to estimate a consumption of 3% of the alive weight of the animals during the rainy season, being smaller in the dry season. The gain averages of the animals during the period of rain was of 0.719 kilos (2.767 kilos/haday) and of 0.872 kilos (2.95 kilos/ha/day) during the dry period, that that projected to one year, it throws a gain it averages of the two times of 1044 kilos of meat, fulfilling the central objective of the evaluation. The profit for hectare year of the pattern was lightly for above to the million and half of pesos, with profitabilities for the financial capital of 4.32% (rain) and 5.67% (dry), being markedly superior to the profitability offered by the commercial bank.