Study of Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Risk Factors of Nephrolithiasis.

Background and aim The increasing incidence of nephrolithiasis in recent decades is coinciding with rising epidemic of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. This temporal concordance suggests that a link might exist between these metabolic abnormalities and urinary stone disease. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the association between presence of risk factors of nephrolithiasis and metabolic syndrome. Methods In a hospital-based, case control study, hundred patients of metabolic syndrome diagnosed according to IDF criteria and hundred age and matched controls were studied for presence of risk factors of nephrolithiasis. Results Patients with metabolic syndrome had significantly higher uricosuri a,hypercalciuria,oxaluria and hypocitraturia. The prevalence of risk factors of nephrolithiasis was also higher in patients with metabolic syndrome. The most prevalent was low urinary pH in 40% patients with mean pH of 5.8±1.6. Amongst other factors, 33% had hyperuricemia, 29% had hypercalciuria, 15% had oxaluria 13% had hypocitraturia and 10% had hyperuricosuria. Significant correlation was observed between risk factors of nephrolithiasis and components of metabolic syndrome. Conclusion The present study provides an evidence of association between risk factors of nephrolithiasis and metabolic syndrome and suggests that nephrolithiasis may be a systemic disorder representing the interaction of multiple metabolic derangements. Determining common modifiable risk factors for the development of kidney stones might uncover new preventive strategies.