Secondhand smoke exposure among nonsmoking adults in two Nigeriancities
2011
Background: Tobacco control policy can only succeed if the burdens of
smoking are known. The objective of this study was to determine the
prevalence and correlates of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among
nonsmoking adults in two Nigerian cities. Materials and Methods: We
carried out a cross-sectional study from October 2009 to April 2010
among adult population of two Nigerian cities: Enugu and Ilorin. A
semi-structured questionnaire was administered by interviewers to
obtain socio-demographic information; and information regarding pattern
of SHS exposure, awareness of tobacco control policy and the harmful
effects of SHS. SHS exposure was defined as regular exposure to tobacco
smoke in the previous 30 days in a nonsmoking adult. Results: Of the
585 nonsmoking adults that completed the study, 38.8% had regular
exposure to SHS; mostly, in public places (24.4%). More men were
exposed at public places when compared with women (27.0% vs. 19.5%).
The strongest factor associated with exposure to SHS in women was
having a smoking spouse [prevalence rate (PR) ratio-7.76; 95%
confidence interval (CI), 3.08-9.42]; and in men, it was lack of home
smoking restriction (PR ratio-6.35; 95% CI, 4.51-8.93). Among men, SHS
exposure at any location was associated with lack of secondary school
education, residing in slum apartment (house with many households),
living with a smoking family member (non-spouse), lack of home smoking
restriction, and alcohol intake. Among women, SHS exposure at any
location was associated with having a smoking spouse, residing in slum
apartment and lack of home smoking restriction. Seventy-two percent of
respondents were aware of the harmful effects of SHS on their health.
Lack of awareness of the harmful effects was significantly associated
with increasing age (r= +0.45; P = <0.01), lack of secondary school
education (r= −0.10; P = 0.04), residing in slum apartment (r
=-0.12; P = 0.03) and being a widow/ widower (r= +0.24; P < 0.01).
Only 17.4% of the employees reported availability of outdoor smoking
area at their workplaces. Conclusion: Our results show that prevalence
of SHS exposure was the highest in public places. These findings
underscore the need for enactment of comprehensive smoke-free
legislation and implementation of educational strategies to reduce SHS
exposure in homes.
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