Olaparib-induced Adaptive Response Is Disrupted by FOXM1 Targeting that Enhances Sensitivity to PARP Inhibition

Abstract: FOXM1 transcription factor network is activated in over 84% of cases in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), and FOXM1 upregulates the expression of genes involved in the homologous recombination (HR) DNA damage and repair (DDR) pathway. However, the role of FOXM1 in poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor response has not yet been studied. The present study demonstrates that PARP inhibitor (PARPi), olaparib, induces the expression and nuclear localization of FOXM1. Based on ChIP-qPCR, olaparib enhances the binding of FOXM1 to genes involved in HR repair. FOXM1 knockdown by RNAi or inhibition by thiostrepton decreases FOXM1 expression, decreases the expression of HR repair genes, such as BRCA1 and RAD51, and enhances sensitivity to olaparib. Comet and PARP trapping assays revealed increases in DNA damage and PARP trapping in FOXM1 inhibited cells treated with olaparib. Finally, thiostrepton decreases the expression of BRCA1 in rucaparib-resistant cells and enhances sensitivity to rucaparib. Collectively, these results identify that FOXM1 plays an important role in the adaptive response induced by olaparib and FOXM1 inhibition by thiostrepton induces "BRCAness" and enhances sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. Implications: FOXM1 inhibition represents an effective strategy to overcome resistance to PARPi, and targeting FOXM1-mediated adaptive pathways may produce better therapeutic effects for PARP inhibitors.