New Generation of 3-Volt Lithiated Manganese Oxide for High-Performance Lithium Batteries

Since the beginning of the 90s the manganese dioxide became the most investigated material for lithium secondary cells. Many attempts have been made to elucidate the factors influencing the rechargeability and the cyclability of the MnO2 and to improve its electrochemical characteristics. The appearance of cathode materials with high energy density based on lithiated transition metal oxides as Co, Ni, or Mn, and high discharge voltage of 4 V, shifted the main interest to them. But the problems arise faster: oxidation of the electrolyte due to the high operation potential dissolution of some active cathode materials, fast self-discharge, etc.