Haemaphysalis inermis Birula, 1895 (Figs. 85–87)

The winter tick, Haemaphysalis inermis, is an exophilous three-host tick with a peculiar life cycle in that immature forms feed on a host and fall off within a few hours (Pomerantzev in Ixodid ticks (Ixodidae) The American Institute of Biological Sciences, Washington, p. 224, 1950). The life cycle of this species may be completed in 1 year, while in non-optimal conditions it can take 2–3 years. Under laboratory conditions, the life cycle can be completed in 165 days (Nosek et al. in Bulletin of the World Health Organization 36:49–59, 1967).