Resistance in Vitis and Muscadinia species to Meloidogyne incognita

Rootstocks resistant to root-knot nematodes are needed for wine, table, and raisin grape culture in California's San Joaquin Valley. As a first step in a breeding program, selections of the following species were screened for resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita: 10 Vitis acerifolia, 2 V. aestivalis, 4 V. berlandieri, 4 V. californica, 7 V. champinii, 1 V. cinerea, 2 V. labrusca, 2 V. riparia, 1 V. rufotomentosa, 2 V. rupestris, and 11 Muscadinia rotundifolia. The rootstocks Freedom, Harmony, 1613 Couderc, and 1616 Couderc were used as standard resistant controls, and V. vinifera cvs. Cabernet Sauvignon, French Colombard, and Thompson Seedless were used as susceptible controls