Colonización nasal por Staphylococcus aureusMeticilino Resistente (MRSA), en pacientes de Cirugía Cardiovascular de un Hospital de la ciudad de Bogotá Colombia

Staphylococcus aureus, is a pathogenic microorganism that colonizes nasal passages and skin from 1 to 30% of the world population. Approximately 20% of surgical site infections in cardiovascular surgeries are caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Objective The objective of the study was to determine nasal colonization by MRSA in patients scheduled for cardiovascular surgery, establish the clinical characteristics of the patients who underwent surgery and determine the efficiency of decolonization in these patients Materials and methods The study was conducted from February to December 2015 and patients over 18 years of age programmed for cardiovascular surgery were included. For discovering the colonization, the mecA gene was detected by real-time PCR (LightCycler MRSA Advanced and LightCycler® 2.0 from Roche®) in nasal swabs, additionally traditional cultures were performed on blood agar. The colonized patients were treated with Mupirocin 2,0% (Mupiral, Elimera) intranasally twice a day and bathed with chlorhexidine at 4% (Quirum) from neck downwards for five days; at the end of the regimen a PCR control was carried out. Results There were 89 outpatients and 52 hospitalized patients with a percentage of nasal colonization of 19,1% and 25% respectively. All the colonized patients who received treatment had a negative PCR at the end of the treatment. Conclusions In general, colonization by MRSA was 21,3%, in this group of patients decolonization measures were highly effective. It is relevant in our environment to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of these interventions for the prevention of infection of the operative site.