EFECTO DEL INJERTO Y NUTRICIÓN DE TOMATE SOBRE RENDIMIENTO, MATERIA SECA Y EXTRACCIÓN DE NUTRIMENTOS Greenhouse Tomato Yield, Dry Matter and Nutrient Accumulation, as Affected by Grafting and Nutrient Supply

2008 
RESUMEN En Mexico la superficie de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) en invernadero ha crecido de forma acelerada. La mayor parte se cultiva en suelo, sin el uso de materia organica y con plantas sin injertar, lo que en condiciones de monocultivo suele generar serios problemas de patogenos en la raiz. Una tecnologia amigable con el medio ambiente es el uso de portainjertos resistentes a los patogenos del suelo. Es de esperar que esta tecnica de produccion con plantas de mayor sistema radicular promueva una mejor exploracion del suelo, lo que se traduce en una mayor eficiencia para tomar nutrimentos y agua. Para comprobar esta hipotesis, se evaluo el efecto del uso de injerto y tres niveles de suministro nutrimental sobre el rendimiento, la acumulacion de materia seca y absorcion nutrimental. El estudio se realizo en invernadero en un ciclo de 248 dias. Los resultados muestran que, aunque el injerto no incremento el rendimiento comercial, la planta injertada mostro mayor extraccion de todos los nutrimentos, excepto para magnesio. El injerto aumento el vigor de las plantas en lo que respecta a altura total (6%), area foliar (10%), area foliar especifica (5%) y produccion de materia seca en hoja (12%), tallo (11%) y total de la parte aerea (9%). El injerto disminuyo la precocidad y produjo frutos de mayor calibre (4%), pero tambien incremento los frutos deformes (10%) debido al exceso de vigor. Palabras clave: Lycopersicon esculentum, vigor, portainjerto, calidad, invernadero. SUMMARY The area of greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) production has been growing very fast in recent years in Mexico. Most of it is grown in soil without the use of organic matter and with plants without grafting; this often results in diseases in the root system. An environment friendly technique is the use of root stock resistant to soil pathogens. It is expected that this technique using plants with a larger root system promotes exploration of a larger volume of soil, meaning greater efficiency in nutrient and water uptake. To test this hypothesis, this study evaluated the effect of grafting and three levels of nutrient supply on yield, dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake. The experiment was set up in a multi tunnel greenhouse under soil conditions, and lasted 248 days in greenhouse. Results showed that grafting did not increase yield of commercial quality fruit. Grafted plants extracted larger quantities of all nutrients except magnesium. Grafting also increased plant vigor in terms of total height (6%), leaf area (10%), specific leaf area (5%), and leaf (12%), stem (11%) and total dry matter (9%). Grafting reduced earliness and produced larger fruit (4%), but more deformed (10%) fruit was also produced as a result of excess vigor.
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