Cardiovascular Diseases and Hypertension

Secondary hypertension caused by cardiovascular disease are mainly congenital heart disease (arterial patent ductus arteriosus, aortic sinus rupture, main pulmonary artery window), acquired heart disease (aortic regurgitation), vascular disease (aorta constriction, arteriovenous fistula, left renal vein compression syndrome), arrhythmia (complete atrioventricular block), cardiomyopathy, and end-stage heart disease. Its pathogenesis is related to its structural changes during embryonic development. There are specific signs in clinical manifestations. It can be confirmed by echocardiography, enhanced CT, MRI, and cardiac catheterization. Secondary hypertension caused by cardiovascular disease can be treated with conventional antihypertensive drugs according to the level of blood pressure. However, patients generally show poor antihypertensive effects. Considering the prognosis of patients is related to the treatment of their primary diseases, it is recommended that patients be actively treated for primary disease once they are diagnosed, so as not to delay the disease. In this chapter, we will describe the epidemiology, etiology and mechanism, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examinations, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of secondary hypertension caused by the above cardiovascular diseases.