Genetic diversity and origins of Chinese native greylag goose breeds based on mtDNA D-loop sequences

In order to reveal the genetic diversity and systematic evolution of Chinese greylag goose breeds,the 521 bp control region(D-loop)of mitochondrial DNA from 13 greylag goose breeds were sequenced.In the D-loop,the contents of T,C,A,and G nucleotides occupied 23.8%,29.0%,32.3%,and 15.0%,and the average haplotype diversity(Hd)and nucleotide diversity(Pi)were 0.19245 and 0.00036,respectively.The nucleotide variance value among the populations was bigger than that within the populations,and no population expansion was observed for the breeds.The shared haplotype analysis and systemic evolution analysis revealed that the 13 breeds had two maternal origins,among which,Yili breed originated from greylag goose(Anser anser),and the other 12 breeds originated from swan goose(A.cygnoides).