A research agenda for malaria eradication: vaccines.
2011
Vaccines could be a crucial component of efforts to eradicate malaria. Current
attempts to develop malaria vaccines are primarily focused on Plasmodium
falciparum and are directed towards reducing morbidity and mortality. Continued
support for these efforts is essential, but if malaria vaccines are to be used as
part of a repertoire of tools for elimination or eradication of malaria, they
will need to have an impact on malaria transmission. We introduce the concept of "vaccines that interrupt malaria transmission" (VIMT), which includes not only
"classical" transmission-blocking vaccines that target the sexual and mosquito
stages but also pre-erythrocytic and asexual stage vaccines that have an effect
on transmission. VIMT may also include vaccines that target the vector to disrupt
parasite development in the mosquito. Importantly, if eradication is to be
achieved, malaria vaccine development efforts will need to target other malaria
parasite species, especially Plasmodium vivax, where novel therapeutic vaccines
against hypnozoites or preventive vaccines with effect against multiple stages
could have enormous impact. A target product profile (TPP) for VIMT is proposed
and a research agenda to address current knowledge gaps and develop tools
necessary for design and development of VIMT is presented.
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