Genomic Approaches to Unveil the Physiological Pathways Activated in Arabidopsis Treated with Plant-Derived Raw Extracts

DNA microarrays can be used to obtain a fingerprint of the transcriptional status of the plant or cell under a given condition and may be useful for characterising which genes respond, either by induction or repression, to novel stimuli or specific treatments. An in-depth bioinformatical analysis of all the data produced by microarrays can further highlight the metabolic or functional pathways most affected by the treatment. This approach has been used to investigate the effects induced by the treatment of different plant-derived raw materials, provided by Valagro SpA, on Arabidopsis seedlings. A clear example is represented by treatment with a raw plant-derived protein extract (VAL-P01). In this case the treatment induced genes related to ABA and osmotic stress treatment. We therefore demonstrated that VAL-P01 was able to mimic in planta the same pattern of responses linked to ABA treatment or osmotic stress, making the plant stronger against possible further stresses. Another plant extract, VAL-P02, was shown to be significantly altering the transcription of senescence genes, making it an ideal candidate adjuvant for the prolonged shelf-life of vegetal products.