A Simple Nano Cerium Oxide Modified Graphite Electrode for Electrochemical Detection of Formaldehyde in Mushroom

In this present work, electrochemical detection and quantification of formalin (FAL) trace present in mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) was premeditated using a cerium oxide nanoparticle modified graphite paste electrode (CeO2@GP). Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (nps) were synthesized through the sol-gel technique from cerium nitrate hexahydrate using poly (ethylene glycol) as a capping agent. The prepared CeO2 nps were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques which revealed the successful formation of the cubic phase of CeO2 having crystallite size 4.84 nm. The prepared CeO2 nps were used to modify the graphite paste electrode (bare GP). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques were utilized to study comparative electroanalytical features of the fabricated electrodes. Under optimized experimental conditions, CeO2@GP exhibited a wide linear range from $25~\mu \text{M}$ -1mM and a limit of detection of $1~\mu \text{M}$ . Moreover, CeO2@GP featured high repeatability, reproducibility, and long-term stability. The electrode exhibited high selectivity for FAL in the presence of interferences like ethanol, methanol, formic acid, benzaldehyde, and acetone. CeO2@GP demonstrated exceptional aptitudes in electrochemical behavior when subjected to mushroom extract.