A technique for transcervical intrauterine insemination of ewes

Abstract In commercial artificial insemination (AI) of sheep, fresh extended semen is deposited into the vagina or cervical os, or fresh extended or frozen semen is placed laparoscopically into the uterus. Transcervical intrauterine insemination of the ewe is not used commercially. In this study, methods of restraint and instrumentation for AI were evaluated and modified to produce a transcervical intrauterine technique suitable for commercial application. Four methods of restraint, four vaginal specula, three forceps and four instruments suitable for transcervical passage were compared. From these comparisons a technique was developed in which the ewes were positioned in dorsal recumbency with their hindquarters elevated. The vagina was dilated using a duck-billed speculum, the cervix was grasped and retracted using forceps, and an inseminating instrument was introduced into the cervical opening and manipulated through the cervical canal. The technique was repeated on 89 mature, multiparous ewes: the difficulty in locating the cervical opening, the force required to retract the cervix and the time required to penetrate into the uterus were recorded. Uterine penetration was achieved in 82% of the ewes. This technique has the potential to be applied in commercial artificial insemination programs of sheep.