Oil Spills in Fresh Waters and State of Ecosystem of Lake Pyasino before the Incidental Spill of 2020

This article presents the history of large oil spills in freshwaters, considering the processes of physicochemical and biological degradation of oil. It discusses the toxicity of oil for hydrobionts and effects of oil pollution on communities of plankton, benthos, and ichthyofauna, as well as challenges in mitigating the environmental impact of oil spills. The discussion is concerned with the state of the ecosystem in Lake Pyasino before the incidental spill of 2020, specifically, hydrochemical indicators; species composition; and abundance and biomass of plankton, benthos, and fish. Candidate technologies for restoring the Lake Pyasino ecosystem are reviewed, including “bottom-up” biomanipulation.