First module : indicators of urban poverty

1996 
The Urban Poverty and Social Policy in the Context of Adjustment (UPA) study is a community-level research project in four cities within countries with contrasting experiences of economic crisis and reform - Guayaquil in Ecuador, Budapest in Hungary, Metro Manila in the Philippines, and Lusaka in Zambia. The research looks at the implications of economic crisis for poor urban communities, the constraints that limit the poor's capacity to respond to opportunities to reduce vulnerability and prevent increased impoverishment. The study was undertaken by the World Bank's Urban Development Division in collaboration with local women's research organizations. Financial support for the project was provided by the Netherlands Ministry of Development Cooperation, UNICEF, SIDA and the UNDP, UNCHS (Habitat), and World Bank Urban Management Programme. Based on community panel data, the study used household surveys from 1978 and 1992 within low-income communities. The analysis of trend data allowed an in-depth examination of changes in household characteristics, such as size, headship, structure and composition. The rich database for the research was generated through a three-tiered research methodology which involved a community survey, random sample survey, and sub-sample survey. In response to the growing need to better understand the increasingly complex phenomena of urban poverty, the urban poverty sourcebook aims to provide a reference document which draws on the strengths of the UPA study.
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