Molecular tools for assuring human health and environment-friendly frozen shellfish products in the United Arab Emirates markets

Abstract Shellfish consumption in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) exceeds local supply and frozen fish and seafood products are imported to fill the gap. To determine the species in frozen shellfish brands on the UAE markets, 95 frozen samples were subjected to PCR amplification and sequencing of the hypervariable region of the 16S rDNA. This identified 11 different shrimp species and two squid species in the frozen shellfish packs. About 40% of calamari brands contained peanut worm, cattle, and rat 16S rDNA. Also, most shellfish species analyzed had low nucleotide diversity, including two shrimp species (Litopenaeus vannamei and Metapenopsis barbata), which had very limited genetic diversity, low raggedness, and an absence of population expansion. Species misnaming, substitution, overexploitation, origin misreporting, and low genetic diversity were found across frozen UAE shellfish samples analyzed, suggesting inspection and monitoring of frozen seafood sold in UAE markets would be appropriate.